pH: The pH level refers to the acidity or alkalinity of the water. The pH range 8.0-8.4 is ideal for most marine fish and invertebrates. A pH test kit is used to measure the level and adjustments can be made using buffers.
Ammonia: Ammonia is a toxic waste product of fish and invertebrates. Excess ammonia level is fatal to marine organisms. Ammonia level is measured by a test kit, and water changes can be used to decrease it.
Nitrite: Nitrite is a byproduct of the breakdown of ammonia. Excess levels of nitrite can also be deadly to marine organisms. An index (level) can be measured by an index (test) kit and the level may be reduced by water changes.
Nitrate: Nitrate is a byproduct of the breakdown of nitrite. High nitrate content can cause algal blooms and may pose a threat to marine organisms. A test kit may be used to measure how much and water changes may help to lower it.
Salinity: Salinity is the concentration of salt in the water. Most of the marine fishes and invertebrates are adapted for living in a salinity range of 1.020-1.025. Using a scale (hydrometer or refractometer) the salinity can be determined.
Calcium: Calcium plays a vital role in the development and survivability of corals and other invertebrates. A test kit can be employed for measurement of calcium level, and supplements can be introduced if required.
Alkalinity: Alkalinity refers to the buffering capacity of the water. It is crucial to keep alkalinity values stable in order to avoid pH oscillations. An alkalinity test kit can be employed to quantify the alkalinity level, and auxiliary supplements can be supplemented as required.
By regularly testing and servicing these water parameters, one can maintain a healthy and vibrant marine aquarium.
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